L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC - Consulting Services

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2007

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L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC selected to lead state trade association project

L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC (LBS&A) has been selected by a state trade association to lead a project which will allow the client’s members to expand their inventories and selling opportunities.

 

L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC (LBS&A) has been selected by a Kentucky-based trade association to lead a project which will allow the client’s members to expand their inventories and selling opportunities.  LBS&A will work with the association to design, implement and manage the project.  The project will include outreach to affiliated industries and partners, the development of collateral materials (including a Web site and a promotional video) and presentations to interested audiences.

 

Additionally, the association intends to apply for a grant from the Commonwealth of Kentucky for the purpose of assisting in the launch of the organization’s programs.  L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC will develop the grant proposal and file the application on behalf of the association in Frankfort.

 

 

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EKX Airport Concept Terminal Design Unveiled (Press Release)

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(October 15, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today unveiled its concept design for a new passenger airline terminal at the Elizabethtown Regional Airport (EKX).

 

For Immediate Release

 

 

EKX Airport Concept Terminal Design Unveiled

New Design is Intended to Assist in Airline Recruiting Effort

 

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(October 15, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today unveiled its concept design for a new passenger airline terminal at the Elizabethtown Regional Airport (EKX).

 

Joe Yates, Chairman of the Elizabethtown Airport Board, stated that the effort to restore passenger airline service at EKX is well underway and substantial support for the project has been lined up through the new Partnership for Central Kentucky Airline Service.  One of the key issues which needs to be addressed is that of developing a new passenger terminal at the Addington Field airport.

 

Recently, the Elizabethtown Airport Board commissioned a concept design for the passenger terminal from LHB Architects of Elizabethtown.  The intent is to illustrate what a passenger terminal might look like at EKX and to provide the renderings to potential airlines.

 

Chairman Yates stated, “We wanted a design that will serve the community, Fort Knox and the region for many years to come.  The design that LHB has provided meets those goals.  The concept terminal is “green” in its design contributing to its overall efficiency and expandability.”

Luke Schmidt, consultant to the Elizabethtown Airport Board commented, “The new concept terminal design provides a dramatic portal to the entire region.  This facility will make a positive first impression on each and every traveler who flies through EKX.”

 

The concept terminal is encased in glass which will allow for lots of natural sunlight to filter through the facility.  Travelers will be able to watch aircraft operations.  The design includes a USOlounge, a business center and a restaurant.

 

Both Yates and Schmidt stated that the final design may differ from the concept design; however, this provides the Airport Board with a concept which can be discussed with potential airlines. By commissioning the concept design now, the Airport Board will also be able to incorporate design suggestions from the airlines and the United States Transportation Security Administration which will improve the efficiency of the design.

 

The unveiling of the concept terminal design comes on the heels of the launch of the Elizabethtown Airport Board’s new Web site (www.ekxairport.com) which is designed to provide information about the airport and the airline service project.  The project continues to generate substantial support from throughout Central Kentucky.

 

To date, 72 government jurisdictions, chamber boards and industrial development boards have passed formal resolutions of support for the project.  The Board has received over 140 letters of support for the project.

 

The Elizabethtown Airport Board is a not for profit organization which operates the municipal airport in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.  Elizabethtown Regional Airport (EKX) began operations in 1982 as a general aviation airport and is currently engaged in efforts to restore commercial airline service to the field.  EKX includes a 6,000 foot long runway which is “regional jet ready” with complete general aviation services.  An Instrument Landing System (ILS) (localizer) has been installed which further enhances safety and increases the airport’s all-weather operational capacity.  EKX plans to build a passenger terminal should commercial airline service be restored.
The design can be viewed on the airport’s Web site (www.ekxairport.com).

 

(Note: members of the media may obtain an electronic version (.jpg file) of the airport’s logo and the renderings of the concept terminal by contacting Luke Schmidt by calling 502.292.2898, or via E-Mail, lbschmidt@lbschmidt.com)

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EKX Airport Web Site Launched (Press Release)

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(September 11, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced the development of its new Web site. The new Web site has been officially launched and can be visited at the following URL address: www.ekxairport.com

 

For Immediate Release

 

 

EKX Airport Web Site Launched

Airport Board’s New Web Site to Promote Elizabethtown Regional Airport and Support Bid for Passenger Airline Service

 

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(September 11, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced the development of its new Web site.  The new Web site has been officially launched and can be visited at the following URL address:

 

www.ekxairport.com

 

Joe Yates, Chairman of the Elizabethtown Airport Board, stated that the Web site has two primary objectives: to promote the airport and the services that it currently offers, along with providing updated information on efforts to restore passenger airline service at the field.

 

“Elizabethtown Regional Airport,” said Yates, “provides many services to the flying public and supports area businesses and industries by providing a modern, all-weather airport capable of handling any private and most corporate aircraft.  EKX also provides a portal to the region for freight that is being sent or received on a time-critical basis.  Our new Web site provides a lot of useful information for users of the airport.”

 

Luke Schmidt, the consultant to the Airport Board who is leading efforts to restore passenger airline service at EKX also commented that the Web site will provide important information to interested parties about the project and that the site will be updated frequently.  “In today’s digital world, every project such as this one needs a Web site to support it.  The new EKX Web site provides additional information on the market along with airport information and regional support,” stated Schmidt.

 

The Web site provides several areas of information, including a detailed history of aviation in Elizabethtown (starting with a reference to the first known U.S. Airmail airport in the Glendalearea in the 1930s), airport information for pilots, and information on the airport’s fixed base operator (Elizabethtown Flying Service).

 

Additionally, the site also provides an overview of efforts underway to restore passenger airline service.  Members of the newly formed Partnership for Central Kentucky Airline Service are also listed.  The Partnership includes 72 government jurisdictions, chamber boards, industrial development boards and other key entities that have passed formal resolutions of support for the project.  Also included in this section of the Web site is a listing of the 140+ elected officials, business and industry officials and individuals who have sent letters of support for the project.

 

Archived press releases and news articles can also be found on the site.  The Airport Board plans to offer reciprocal links to Web sites belonging to members of the Partnership for Central Kentucky Airline Service.  These links should be up and running within the next two weeks and will provide a valuable two-way promotional link for both the airport and the members of the Partnership.

 

The Elizabethtown Airport Board is a not for profit organization which operates the municipal airport in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.  Elizabethtown Regional Airport began operations in 1982 as a general aviation airport and is currently engaged in efforts to restore commercial airline service to the field.  The airport is promoted by use of its three letter identification code: EKX.  EKX includes a 6,000 foot long runway which is “regional jet ready” with complete general aviation services.  An Instrument Landing System (ILS) (localizer) has been installed which further enhances safety and increases the airport’s all-weather operational capacity.  EKX plans to build a passenger terminal should commercial airline service be restored.

 

(Note: members of the media may obtain an electronic version of the new logo by contacting Luke Schmidt by calling 502.292.2898, or via E-Mail, lbschmidt@lbschmidt.com)

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Regional Support Growing for New Airline Service at EKX (Press Release)

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(July 16, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced the development of substantial support for new commercial airline service at the Elizabethtown Regional Airport (EKX).

 

For Immediate Release

 

 

Regional Support Growing for New Airline Service at EKX

70 Groups Support New Airline Service at Elizabethtown Regional Airport

Through the Partnership for Central Kentucky Airline Service

 

Elizabethtown, Kentucky(July 16, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced the development of substantial support for new commercial airline service at the Elizabethtown Regional Airport (EKX).

 

During the past several months, the Airport Board’s consultant, Luke Schmidt, has met with numerous government jurisdictions, chamber boards and industrial development boards throughout the 24 county Elizabethtown Regional Air Service Market.  During these meetings and presentations, Schmidt has presented the project as a means by which to further connect the entire region to the global economy.

 

In addition, groups throughout the region have recognized the value that new airline service will bring in terms of providing an additional selling point for prospective new businesses and industry, thereby helping to create thousands of new jobs in the future.

 

As of today, 70 organizations have formally considered and passed resolutions of support for the development of new airline service at EKX.  In addition, over 100 letters of support have been received from elected officials, business and industry leaders and individuals.

 

Joe Yates, Chairman of the Elizabethtown Airport Board stated, “The Board is pleased with the overwhelming support that it has received from all of these organizations.  This support clearly indicates that the region is ready to embrace new airline service.”

 

Luke Schmidt stated that outreach efforts have also extended to Fort Knox.  “With all of the changes that are coming to the Post as a result of BRAC, the leadership at Fort Knox has clearly recognized the benefits of having convenient and cost effective air travel only 15 minutes away and is very supportive of our efforts.  This effort has truly become a regional project in every sense of the word.”

 

Following is a list of the organizations which have passed formal resolutions of support:

 

 

  • Adair County Fiscal Court
  • Albany City Council
  • Albany/Clinton County Chamber of Commerce
  • Bardstown City Council
  • Barren County Fiscal Court
  • Beaver Dam City Commission
  • Breckinridge County Chamber of Commerce
  • Breckinridge County Emergency Medical Service
  • Breckinridge County Fiscal Court
  • Breckinridge County United
  • Butler County Fiscal Court
  • Campbellsville City Council
  • Campbellsville – Taylor County Industrial Development Authority
  • Caneyville City Council
  • Central City City Council
  • Clinton County Fiscal Court
  • Cloverport City Council
  • Columbia/Adair County Chamber of Commerce
  • Columbia/Adair County Industrial Foundation
  • Columbia/Adair County Tourism Commission
  • Columbia City Council
  • Edmonton City Council
  • Edmonton/Metcalfe County Industrial Foundation
  • Elizabethtown City Council
  • Elizabethtown/Hardin County Chamber of Commerce
  • Elizabethtown/Hardin County Industrial Foundation
  • Elizabethtown Independent School District
  • Elizabethtown Tourism & Convention Bureau
  • Glasgow/Barren County Industrial Development Economic Authority
  • Glasgow City Council
  • Grayson County Chamber of Commerce
  • Grayson County Fiscal Court
  • Grayson County Tourism Commission
  • Greater Muhlenberg County Chamber of Commerce
  • Greenville City Council
  • Hancock County Fiscal Court
  • Hardin County Board of Education
  • Hardin County Fiscal Court
  • Hart County Chamber of Commerce
  • Hart County Fiscal Court
  • Hart County Industrial Authority
  • Hartford City Council
  • Hodgenville City Council
  • Hodgenville/Larue County Industrial Foundation
  • Irvington Heritage/Main Street Council
  • Larue County Chamber of Commerce
  • Larue County Fiscal Court
  • Larue County School District
  • Leitchfield City Council
  • Leitchfield/Grayson County Industrial Development Corporation
  • Lincoln Trail Area Development District
  • Marion County Fiscal Court
  • Meade County Area Chamber of Commerce
  • Meade County Fiscal Court
  • Metcalfe County Fiscal Court
  • Monroe County Fiscal Court
  • Morgantown/Butler County Chamber of Commerce
  • Morgantown City Council
  • Muhlenberg County Fiscal Court
  • Nelson County Economic Development Agency
  • North Hardin Economic Development Authority
  • Ohio County Chamber of Commerce
  • Ohio County Fiscal Court
  • One Knox
  • Radcliff City Council
  • Radcliff – Hardin County Chamber of Commerce
  • Russell County Chamber of Commerce
  • Russell County Fiscal Court
  • Taylor County Fiscal Court
  • Tompkinsville/Monroe County Chamber of Commerce

 

 

 

 

Each of the organizations listed above, along with the elected officials, business and industry leaders and individuals who have sent letters of support will now become part of a new umbrella group – the Partnership for Central Kentucky Airline Service (Partnership).  The Partnership is a non-legal, non-financial and non-binding group that has been established by the Elizabethtown Airport Board as a means to promote the substantial support for the airline service project at EKX with potential airlines.

 

Several projects are underway to support the recruitment of new airline service at EKX.  The City of Elizabethtown recently applied for a grant from the United States Department of Transportation’s Small Community Air Service Development program which, if awarded, will be used to assist in the start-up of service.  A new Web site will go online in about two weeks to promote the project.

 

The Elizabethtown Airport Board is a not for profit organization which operates the municipal airport in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.  Elizabethtown Regional Airport began operations in 1982 as a general aviation airport and is currently engaged in efforts to restore commercial airline service to the field.  The airport is promoted by use of its three letter identification code: EKX.  EKX includes a 6,000 foot long runway which is “regional jet ready” with complete general aviation services.  An Instrument Landing System (ILS) (localizer) has been installed which further enhances safety and increases the airport’s all-weather operational capacity.  EKX plans to build a passenger terminal should commercial airline service be restored.

 

(Note: members of the media may obtain an electronic version of the new logo by contacting Luke Schmidt by calling 502.292.2898, or via E-Mail, lbschmidt@lbschmidt.com)

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Luke Schmidt On-Air Guest Editorial WAVE-TV (Louisville)

March 18th, 2007 Hot Button Guest Editorial: Luke B. Schmidt, Food With Wine Coalition — Text Version

What would you think if I told you that I know a way that the Kentucky General Assembly can find $59 million in new tax revenue without raising taxes, help Kentucky’s grape growers and wineries grow their businesses, and create new locations where consumers can purchase wine and create more competition in the marketplace?

 

Article originally posted by the WAVE-TV Web site directed to: http://www.wave3.com/story/8036306/march-18th-2007-hot-button-guest-editorial-luke-b-schmidt-food-with-wine-coalition-text-version?ClientType=Printable&redirected=true

 

March 18th, 2007 Hot Button Guest Editorial: Luke B. Schmidt, Food With Wine Coalition — Text Version

March 18th, 2008

What would you think if I told you that I know a way that the Kentucky General Assembly can find $59 million in new tax revenue without raising taxes, help Kentucky’s grape growers and wineries grow their businesses, and create new locations where consumers can purchase wine and create more competition in the marketplace?

Allowing grocery stores to sell wine by passing House Bill 585 will create $59 million in new tax revenue through increased wine sales and will create new, convenient and safe places for consumers to buy wine to pair with their food purchase.

Our vineyards and wineries are growing fast. According to staff at the University of Kentucky, by 2010 the state’s 53 growing wineries are expected to produce 630,000 gallons of wine. Our farm families need help in moving this product to market. Allowing grocery stores to sell wine will provide the only meaningful opportunity for our vineyards and wineries to grow their businesses and to eliminate the near-monopoly enjoyed by liquor stores today.

Kentucky’s grocery store industry believes its customers should have a choice when it comes to matching their personal tastes in food with corresponding wine selections.

If you agree with us that now is the time to allow Kentucky to join the 34 other states that allow grocery stores to sell wine, including six of our seven border states, contact your legislator in Frankfort by calling 1-800-372-7181

Tell them that you support House Bill 585 and to vote YES on this important measure.

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L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC completes organization governance project

L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC (LBS&A) has completed an assignment for a national professional certification society with 88,000+ certified members.

 

L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC (LBS&A) has completed an assignment for a Washington, D.C.-based national professional certification society with 88,000+ certified members.  LBS&A was asked to develop an extensive presentation on organizational governance for the client’s Board of Directors.

 

The assignment included a complete review of the society’s existing governmental structure including By-Laws, election of Board members, etc.  The assignment also included extensive discussions with the society’s leadership team.

 

The presentation covered all aspects of organizational administration, including By-Laws, election of Board members and officers, reporting processes, organizational transparency, etc.  The presentation was given to the Board of Directors during its meeting in Sarasota, Florida in February 2007.

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Airport Board Changes Airport Name to Addington Field Elizabethtown Regional Airport (Press Release)

Elizabethtown, Kentucky (February 12, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced that it has changed the name of the city’s airport from Addington Field to Addington Field Elizabethtown Regional Airport.

 

For Immediate Release

 

 

Elizabethtown Airport Board Changes Airport Name to

Addington Field Elizabethtown Regional Airport

New Name Recognizes Airport’s New Mission and Regional Status and Will Be Further Promoted by its Three Letter Identification Code: EKX

 

Elizabethtown, Kentucky (February 12, 2007) – The Elizabethtown Airport Board today announced that it has changed the name of the city’s airport from Addington Field to Addington FieldElizabethtown Regional Airport.

 

In announcing the change, Elizabethtown Airport Board Chairman Joe Yates stated that the airport’s mission is changing and that the Board recognizes that not only does the airport serve the City of Elizabethtown, but it is expected to also serve Ft. Knox and a large part of Central Kentucky on an increasing basis going forward.

 

Yates stated, “Elizabethtown has become one of Kentucky’s major regional centers when it comes to education, employment, health care and shopping.  We believe that the airport with its expanding mission will bring even more people to Elizabethtown down the road.”

 

The Elizabethtown Airport Board previously announced its intent to restore commercial airline service at the city’s airport.  Yates stated that based on the market feasibility report recently issued by its consultant, Luke Schmidt, of L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC, the airport needs to begin branding itself as the regional airport of Elizabethtown, Ft. Knox and Central Kentucky as it goes about recruiting one or more airlines initially, and ultimately passengers, should the project attract commercial service.  The new name reflects the airport’s new mission of serving theCentral Kentucky region.  The airport will also be referred to by its three letter identification code, EKX, in order to promote the airport throughout the region.

 

Yates, again citing the market feasibility study, stated that other regional airports have successfully branded their facilities by promoting their airports by using the three letter code.  Yates cited as an example the Golden Triangle Regional Airport which is located in Columbus, Mississippi.  The airport’s code, GTR, is used to promote the airport throughout its market service area in east central Mississippi.  This particular airport serves the cities of Columbus, Starkville and West Point, along with Columbus Air Force Base.

 

“GTR serves as a model as to how a regional area can promote its airport by using its three letter identification code,” Yates said.  “Travelers throughout east central Mississippi increasingly refer to the airport as GTR Airport and they feel as though the airport is ‘their’ airport, even though it is located specifically in Columbus.”

 

Larger airports such as Baltimore/Washington International and Dallas/Ft. Worth International are known throughout their respective regions as “BWI Airport” and “DFW Airport.”

 

The Airport Board has adopted a new logo (which is shown at the top of this release), incorporating both the airport’s new name and the EKX code.  The Board and L.B. Schmidt & Associates, LLC are developing additional collateral material to support the project.  A new print brochure has just been developed and is being distributed to economic development and elected officials throughout the region. A new Web site to use in conjunction with the airline recruitment project will go online soon.

 

(Note: members of the media may obtain an electronic version of the new logo by contacting Luke Schmidt by calling 502.292.2898, or via E-Mail, lbschmidt@lbschmidt.com)

 

At the same time, Yates stated that the Elizabethtown Airport Board did not want to lose sight of the airport’s historical name: Addington Field.  As such, the airport’s new, formal name will be:Addington Field Elizabethtown Regional Airport.  Yates commented, “We appreciate the understanding of the Addington family of the need to change the name in order to better promote the airport, and their willingness to work with the Board as we move the facility to the next level.”

 

The Elizabethtown Airport Board is a not for profit organization which operates the municipal airport in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.  Addington Field Elizabethtown Regional Airport began operations in 1982 as a general aviation airport and is currently engaged in efforts to restore commercial airline service to the field.  The airport is promoted by use of its three letter identification code: EKX.  EKX includes a 6,000 foot long runway which is “regional jet ready” with complete general aviation services.  An Instrument Landing System (ILS) is currently being installed which will further enhance safety and increase the airport’s all-weather operational capacity.  EKX plans to build a passenger terminal should commercial airline service be restored.

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E-town eyeing commercial air service The (Bowling Green) Daily News

The Elizabethtown Airport Board has launched a project to restore commercial airline service to the city’s Addington Field municipal airport. The board has hired a consultant, who’s in the midst of compiling statistics and support from regional leaders to pitch to commercial service providers in the future, according to airport manager Roger Lawson.

 

Article originally posted by The (Bowling Green) Daily News directed to:http://bgdailynews.com/articles/2007/02/11/local_news/news/news4.txt

 

E-Town eyeing commercial air service
Meant to spur economic development, move may not have much effect here

By DOUG WATERS, The Daily News, dwaters@bgdailynews.com
Saturday, February 10, 2007 11:53 PM CST

The Elizabethtown Airport Board has launched a project to restore commercial airline service to the city’s Addington Field municipal airport.

The board has hired a consultant, who’s in the midst of compiling statistics and support from regional leaders to pitch to commercial service providers in the future, according to airport manager Roger Lawson.

The venture might not profit the airport much, but it would enhance Elizabethtown’s economic development prospects, Lawson said, as community and industry leaders have coveted restored service since a brief stint in the mid-1980s. Lawson declined to speculate on a timeframe or the likelihood of the project’s success.

Rob Barnett, airport manager of the Bowling Green-Warren County Regional Airport, said he’s aware of Elizabethtown’s restoration efforts, although he hasn’t discussed it in detail with Lawson. But he doesn’t think it would negatively impact Bowling Green’s bid to obtain similar service, an ongoing effort for many years.

“Elizabethtown is a considerable distance north of Bowling Green,” Barnett said. “I firmly feel if our airport was to secure a regional passenger jet carrier or commercial jet carrier, our community alone would support something of that nature.”

Bowling Green’s strengths: a vibrant, growing community and a doubling of its airport operations in the last 15 years, he said. However, commuter-passenger providers have overlooked it in the past due to its close proximity to Nashville.

“It’s very difficult in today’s airline industry to convince companies to expand their services and compete with the larger airlines that are in the market,” Barnett said.

Luke Schmidt, Elizabethtown’s project consultant, agreed that commercial jet service in Elizabethtown wouldn’t negatively impact Bowling Green’s bid.

However, Elizabethtown might be better positioned to attract commercial service, he said, because of its closeness to Fort Knox, which is slated to add 8,000 new employees by 2012, according to the U.S. Department of Defense.

Elizabethtown’s renewed bid is also more viable than 20 years ago, he added, when Delta Airlines and now-defunct Piedmont Airlines cut nearly a dozen combined daily departures because the airport didn’t attract enough passengers to justify service.

“It was probably too much service too soon,” said Schmidt, an Elizabethtown native now based in Louisville.

Since then, Elizabethtown has grown substantially and the airport is installing an instrument landing system. In addition, the airport has a 6,000-foot runway to handle a variety of aircraft.

Phase one of Schmidt’s work – a 276-page market feasibility study – has been completed and defines the airport’s service market to include 24 counties, which are closer to Elizabethtown than airports in Nashville, Louisville, Lexington and Evansville, Ind. This area represents a potential market of 350,214 passengers, spanning Glasgow, Leitchfield, Campbellsville and Bowling Green, according to Schmidt’s assessment.

More than 90 percent of plant managers surveyed about travel habits indicated they’d use Elizabethtown’s commercial service if it was established with competitive airfares, he said.

Phase two includes outreach to the 24-county area, Schmidt said, noting that 15 resolutions of support have already been passed by various councils.

“So far, the response that we’ve had in each of these counties has been very strong and positive,” Schmidt said.

He said Warren County officials haven’t been contacted yet, and neither Warren County Judge-Executive Mike Buchanon nor Bowling Green Mayor Elaine Walker could be reached for comment.

“This can be a lengthy process. We expect to begin recruiting an airline sometime in the second quarter. A lot will happen after that,” Schmidt said.

Resolutions of support are on the agenda at Morgantown City Council and Butler County Fiscal Court, where Butler Judge-Executive David Fields gives the airport’s project his full endorsement.

“The airline industry helps develop anything we can do in this area – we are for it,” Fields said. “As of right now, we have to go to Louisville or Nashville to catch a plane.”

Meanwhile, commercial jet service in Bowling Green still seeks solid ground.

Barnett said the airport board continually tracks companies that provide commercial jet service to communities the size of Bowling Green.

“Airlines are struggling to make ends meet today. Therefore, you are seeing more and more regional jet service providers surfacing throughout smaller, rural communities,” Barnett said.

Plans for a replacement airport and adjacent business campus to a less congested county corridor – nine miles east of the current site on Scottsville Road – are in a holding pattern, he said.

The Federal Aviation Administration is still examining financial aspects of such a move after an FAA-sponsored study was submitted more than six months ago. The current site is almost totally encircled by residential and commercial development, making it difficult to handle expanding FAA safety requirements, Barnett said at the time of the study.